This book analyzes labor market policies in Saudi Arabia and some GCC countries, incorporating international experiences from 2010 to 2022. It focuses on government policies, particularly the quota system and Nitaqat, as experiments in replacement and localization across economic sectors. The book delves into employment theories, types of unemployment, and labor market structures, examining government policies and initiatives targeting human capital post-Saudi Vision 2030. It highlights the impact on businesses and companies, enriched by the author's personal experience and proximity to the business and economic sectors, and the effects of localization decisions.